Magistra Snyder's Latin Website



Term 2, Units 1: Gerunds STATIM: Gerund ReviewA gerund is part ___________, which means it expresses an action, and it is part ___________ which means it has case (most commonly, genitive, accusative and ablative).English expresses gerunds with the 3 letters___________. We also have to be careful to translate according to case. For example, CURREND? translates to ___________. Gerunds also can appear in phrases; for example, the phrase causā SC?TAND? translates to ______________________. Gerunds = Present stem + -nd + 2nd decl. neuter endingsDecline the following gerund for currō, currere in Latin:Latin FormExampleGENThe hope of running excited Atalanta..ACC adAtlanta went to the track for the purpose of running.ABLThe suitors hope to win Atalanta’s heart by running swiftly.The ACCUSATIVE form of the gerund is almost always preceded by the preposition ‘ad’. When this happens, the translation for the gerund prepositional phrase is The GENITIVE form of the gerund is often preceded by the prepositions causā or gratiā. When this happens, the translation for the gerund prepositional phrase is Decline the following gerund for audiō, audīre and translateLatin FormExampleGENACC adABLEXERCIT?TIOvēlox quae fātum timet in silvīs atrīs ad venandum vīvit. [venōr, -ārī, ātus sum to hunt]Gerund Phrase in LatinGerund Phrase (Translated)Whole Sentence Translationfugiēndī causā haec silvārum latebrīs gaudēbat.[latebra, -ae, f. hiding place, retrea; gaudeō, -ērī, gāuīsis to enjoy, rejoice (in + ABL)]Gerund Phrase in LatinGerund Phrase (Translated)Whole Sentence Translationturba procōrum āversatōrum superāndī gratiā currere cupit.[aversōr, -ārī, ātus sum to reject, turn away]Gerund Phrase in LatinGerund Phrase (Translated)Whole Sentence TranslationPENSVMDecline scītor, -ārī, -ātus sum as a gerund. INCLUDE OTHER LATIN WORDS if necessary to complete the idea.Latin FormExampleGENcausā/gratiāfor the sake of askingACC adfor the purpose of askingABLby askingTranslate the following short sentences: ad superandum procī contendent.____________________________________________________________causā āversandī illa in silvīs vīvit.____________________________________________________________gratiā sciēndī ad orāculum vēnit.____________________________________________________________Explain 2 ways of recognize a gerund in Latin. Explain how to translate a gerund into English.STATIMRewrite the underlined portion of the following translations in more natural English.haec ad orāculum vēnit scītandī dē coniuge causā She came to the orace for the sake of asking about a husband..............................................................................................................................................................nisi superāta prius erō currendō...unless first I am beaten in running............................................................................................................................................................MEDITATIO: Translating Gerunds and Gerund PhrasesAnnotate & translate the following sentences. Then, identify the gerund or gerund phrase, and retranslate without an English gerund.e.g. fugiendō coniugem inveniēs.You will find a husband by fleeing. ‘fugiendo’ “in flight, escape”i.in silvīs vivendō Atalanta coiugem vitāre sperābat. ii.‘effugiendī grātiā in nemōre habitābō.’ iii.ars currendī Atalantam servāre poterat. iv.superandō procus coniugem sumet. v.eī instandī causā procus dīxit. vi.ille procus moriendō pretium dedit. NOTESad [gerund]um[gerund]ī causāThese are all ways of expressing _______________________________.[gerund]ī grātiāEnglish often uses ____________________ to express the same idea, e.g. Atalanta visited the oracle (in order) to ask about a husband.ATALANTA PART II or “Cat-astrophe” or “The Lion Fling” or “Fervent Preyers”Among the spectators at the race, Hippomenes mocked the competitors at first, blaming the young men for an excess of passion. But when he saw Atalanta, he recanted and fell deeply in love as she sped past. Undeterred, even after the losers in the race paid with their lives, Hippomenes challenged the beautiful maiden. In reply, Atalanta, flustered by the handsome youth and inexperienced at love, tried to scare him off but professed her desire at the same time.The race is on. Hippomenes prays fervently to Venus, who hears his pleas and appears to him alone, bearing three golden apples and instructions on how to use them. As the two race, the infatuated Atalanta toys with her competition, letting him pass her to gaze at him, but each time she does, the youth throws an apple, prompting the maiden to stray from the course and collect it. In this way Hippomenes won the race and the hand of Atalanta.12345678Meanwhile Venus witnessed these events and observed:‘digna sum grātiīs. nec grātiās ēgit nec mihi tūra dedit. grātiā neglectā, vertor in īram, contemptū dolens. mē ipsa, nūmine laesō, exhortor in ambōs:Matris deōrum templa, nemorōsīs abdita silvīs, transībant et hīc, membrīs fatīgātīs, requiētem habuēre. statim, nūmine meō concītante, intempestīva cupīdo cum coniuge concumbendī occupat Hippomenen. prope templa erat spelunca, in quā sacerdotēs simulācra deōrum posuerant. haec, duobus ingressīs, temerāta probrō vetitō est. prīmō Matre mergendō in undā mortem dubitante, poena levior visa est; ergo fulvae colla iubae vēlant, digitī curvantur in unguēs. in pectora, lacertīs in armōs vertentibus, totum pondus it...and their tails sweep the sands. From their fierce faces roars sound in place of speech and live their married life in the forests, fearsome to all but to the Mother herself, for whom they are tame.abdō, -ere, -didī, -ditus concealambō, ambae, ambo botharmus, -ī, m. forelegconcītō (1) stir up, exciteconcumbō, -ere lie withcontemptus, -ūs, m. contempt, scorncupīdō, -inis, f. desire, wish, eagernessdignus, -a, -um worth (of) [w.abl.]doleō, -ēre, -uī, -itus suffer pain, be in paindubitō (1) considerfatīgō (1) weary, tire, fatigue; vex, harassfulvus, -a, -um reddish yellow, golden, tawnyhīc hereintempestīvus, -a, -um untimely, inopportuneiuba, -ae, f. manelaedō, -ere, -sī, -sus hurt, wound, injure, damagemergō, -ere dip; submerge, drownneglegō, -ere, -lexī, -lectus slight, neglectnemorōsus, -a, -um woody; bushy, shadypondus, ponderis, n. weightprobrum, -ī, n. shameful deedsimulācrum, -ī, n. likeness, figure, statuespelunca, -ae, f. cavetemerō (1) defile, pollute, profanetranseō, -īre, -iī, -itum go over or across, pass bytūs, tūris, n. incensevēlō (1) cover (up), envelopvetō, -are, -uī, -itus forbidTRANSLATION ................
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