Mrs. French's Website



APUSH Time Period #8 1945 to 1980

After World War II, the United States grappled with prosperity and

unfamiliar international responsibilities while struggling to live up to its ideals.

HW READINGS - AMERICAN PAGEANT - CHAPTERS #36, #37, #38, #39, #40

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|The Cold War Begins |The Marshall Plan |Geoge Kennan |

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|Korean War |The Cold War Comes Home |The Eisenhower Era |

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|Cold War Heats Up |Civil Rights – Pains and Gains |LBJ and the Great Society |

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|The Vietnam War |Stalemated Seventies |The Reagan Revolution |

Chapter #36: The Cold War Begins, 1945 to 1952

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|Chapter Synopsis: The American people, 140 million strong, cheered their nation’s victories in Europe and Asia at the conclusion of World War II. But |

|when the shouting faded away, many Americans began to worry about their future. Four fiery years of global war had not entirely driven from their minds |

|the painful memories of twelve desperate years of the Great Depression. Still more ominously, victory celebrations had barely ended before America’s |

|crumbling relations with its wartime ally, the Soviet Union, threatened a new and even more terrible international conflict. |

Please provide TWO key points that can be drawn from the chapter synopsis.

|KEY POINT #1 | |

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|KEY POINT #2 | |

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|1. Postwar Economic Anxieties |COMMENTS, CONCERNS or CLARIFICATIONS |

|Describe the downs and ups of the economy in the years following WWII. | |

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|The Long Economic Boom, 1950-1970 | |

|2. How did women benefit from the economic boom? | |

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|3. The Roots of Postwar Prosperity | |

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|Explain the subheading | |

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|The Smiling Sunbelt | |

|4. How did the population shift in the years after the war? | |

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|5. The Rush to the Suburbs | |

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|Explain the subheading | |

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|The Postwar Baby Boom | |

|6. How did the bulge in population caused by the Baby Boom change American life over the decades? | |

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|Yalta: Bargain or Betrayal? | |

|7. Why was the Yalta conference controversial in the decade following it? | |

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|The United States and the Soviet Union | |

|8. How did similarities and differences both cause the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. to have | |

|difficulties dealing with each other? | |

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|Shaping the Postwar World | |

|9. For what problems were international organizations established after WWII? | |

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|The Problem of Germany | |

|10.What problems did Germany cause between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R.? | |

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|11. A Cold War Congeals | |

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|Explain the subheading | |

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|America Begins to Rearm | |

|12. List and define the organizations set up to deal with the Soviet Union. | |

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|13. Ferreting Out Alleged Communists | |

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|Explain the subheading | |

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|14. Democratic Divisions in 1948 | |

|How successful was Truman in passing his domestic program? | |

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|15. The Korean Volcano Erupts (1950) | |

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|Explain the subheading | |

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|16. The Military Seesaw in Korea | |

|Why did Truman fire MacArthur? | |

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Chapter #37: The Eisenhower Era, 1952–1960

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|Chapter Synopsis: In President Dwight D. Eisenhower, the man and the hour met. Americans yearned for a period of calm in which they could pursue without |

|distraction their new visions of consumerist affluence. The nation sorely needed a respite from twenty years of depression and war. Yet the American |

|people unexpectedly found themselves in the early 1950s dug into the frontlines of the Cold War abroad and dangerously divided at home over the explosive|

|issues of communist subversion and civil rights. They longed for reassuring leadership. “Ike” seemed ready both to reassure and to lead. |

Please provide TWO key points that can be drawn from the chapter synopsis.

|KEY POINT #1 | |

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|KEY POINT #2 | |

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|1. Affluence and Its Anxieties |COMMENTS, CONCERNS or CLARIFICATIONS |

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|Explain the subheading | |

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|2. Consumer Culture in the Fifties | |

|How was popular culture changing and reflecting America? | |

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|3. The Advent of Eisenhower | |

|Describe the 1952 presidential election. | |

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|The Rise and Fall of Joseph McCarthy | |

|4. Joseph McCarthy may have been more dangerous to our form of government | |

|than any communists who might have been in the country. Explain. | |

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|5. Desegregating American Society | |

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|Explain the subheading | |

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|Seeds of the Civil Rights Revolution | |

|6. Why was Brown v. Board of Education a landmark case? | |

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|Eisenhower Republicanism at Home | |

|7. Did Eisenhower live up to his philosophy of dynamic conservatism? | |

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|A “New Look” in Foreign Policy | |

|8. Was Eisenhower's policy of massive retaliation effective? Explain. | |

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|The Vietnam Nightmare | |

|9. How did the United States get involved in Vietnam? | |

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|Cold War Crises in Europe and the Middle East | |

|10. Why was the U.S. concerned about problems in the Middle East? | |

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|Round Two for "Ike" | |

|11. What labor problems became evident during Eisenhower's second term? | |

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|The Continuing Cold War | |

|12. Describe efforts at disarmament during the Eisenhower administration. | |

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|Cuba's Castroism Spells Communism | |

|13. Why was revolution in Cuba such a concern to America? | |

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|Kennedy Challenges Nixon for the Presidency | |

|14. Was Nixon a good presidential candidate in 1960? | |

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|15. The Life of the Mind in Postwar America | |

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|Explain the subheading | |

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Chapter #38: The Stormy Sixties, 1960-1968

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|Chapter Synopsis: Complacent and comfortable as the 1950s closed, Americans elected in 1960 a young, vigorous president who pledged “to get the country |

|moving again.” Neither the nation nor the new president had any inkling as the new decade opened just how action-packed it would be, both at home and |

|abroad. The 1960s would bring a sexual revolution, a civil rights revolution, the emergence of a “youth culture,” a devastating war in Vietnam, and the |

|beginnings, at least, of a feminist revolution. By the end of the stormy sixties, many Americans would yearn nostalgically for the comparative calm of |

|the fifties. |

Please provide TWO key points that can be drawn from the chapter synopsis.

|KEY POINT #1 | |

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|KEY POINT #2 | |

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|Kennedy's "New Frontier" Spirit |COMMENTS, CONCERNS or CLARIFICATIONS |

|1. What was new about the New Frontier? | |

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|The New Frontier at Home | |

|2. Assess the effectiveness of New Frontier domestic policies. | |

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|Rumblings in Europe | |

|3. Describe Kennedy's relationship with Western Europe. | |

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|4. Foreign Flare-ups and "Flexible Response" | |

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|Explain the subheading | |

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|Stepping into the Vietnam Quagmire | |

|5. Why was it difficult to use flexible response to deal with the situation in | |

|South Vietnam? | |

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|Cuban Confrontations | |

|6. How could Cuba be considered the low and the high of Kennedy's foreign | |

|policy? | |

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|The Struggle for Civil Rights | |

|7. Were Kennedy's civil rights actions more the cause of events or a reaction to | |

|vents in the civil rights movement? | |

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|The Killing of Kennedy | |

|8. What was the reaction to Kennedy's assassination? Why? | |

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|9. The LBJ Brand on the Presidency | |

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|Explain the subheading | |

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|Johnson Battles Goldwater in 1964 | |

|10. Your book says that the 1964 election was a contest between distinctly | |

|different political philosophies. Explain this idea? | |

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|11. The Great Society Congress | |

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|Explain the subheading | |

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|Battling for Black Rights | |

|12. What forward steps toward voting for African-Americans were made in the | |

|mid-1960s? | |

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|13. Black Power | |

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|Explain the subheading | |

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|Combating Communism in Two Hemispheres | |

|14. Why did President Johnson increase America's military presence in Vietnam? | |

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|15. Vietnam Vexations | |

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|Explain the subheading | |

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|Vietnam Topples Johnson and The Presidential Sweepstakes of 1968 | |

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|Explain the subheading | |

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|Victory for Nixon | |

|18."Nixon had received no clear mandate to do anything [in the 1968 election]." | |

|Explain. | |

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|The Obituary of Lyndon Johnson | |

|19. It could be said that few presidents were as great a success or a great a failure | |

|as Lyndon Johnson. Assess. | |

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|20. The Cultural Upheaval of the 1960s | |

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|Explain the subheading | |

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Chapter #39: The Stalemated Seventies, 1968-1980

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|Chapter Synopsis: As the 1960s lurched to a close, the fantastic quarter-century economic boom of the post– World War II era also showed signs of |

|petering out. By increasing their productivity, American workers had doubled their average standard of living in the twenty-five years since the end of |

|World War II. Now, fatefully, productivity gains slowed to the vanishing point. The entire decade of the 1970s did not witness a productivity advance |

|equivalent to even one year’s progress in the preceding two decades. At the new rate, it would take five hundred more years to bring about another |

|doubling of the average worker’s standard of living. The median income of the average American family stagnated in the two decades after 1970, and failed|

|to decline only because of the addition of working wives’ wages to the family income (see the chart on p. 947). The rising baby-boom generation now faced|

|the depressing prospect of a living standard that would be lower than that of their parents. As the postwar wave of robust economic growth crested by the|

|early 1970s, at home and abroad the “can do” American spirit gave way to an unaccustomed sense of limits. |

Please provide TWO key points that can be drawn from the chapter synopsis.

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|KEY POINT #2 | |

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|Sources of Stagnation |COMMENTS, CONCERNS or CLARIFICATIONS |

|Know: Productivity, Inflation | |

|1. Describe the economic problems faced by the United States in the 1970s. | |

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|Nixon "Vietnamizes" the War | |

|Know: Liberal Establishment, Vietnamization, Silent Majority, Nattering Nabobs of Negativism, My Lai | |

|2. What was President Nixon’s plan for getting the US out of Vietnam? | |

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|Cambodianizing the Vietnam War | |

|Know: Cambodia, Kent State University, Twenty-sixth Amendment, Pentagon Papers, Daniel Ellsberg | |

|3. What developments caused many people to become even more critical of the war in 1970 and 1971? | |

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|Nixon's Detente with Beijing (Peking) and Moscow | |

|Know: Henry Kissinger, Détente, ABM Treaty, SALT Treaty, MIRVs | |

|4. What was the “China Card,” and how did Nixon use it? | |

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|A New Team on the Supreme Bench | |

|Know: Judicial Activism, Miranda, Engel v. Vitale, Warren Berger, Roe v. Wade | |

|5. Why was Nixon unhappy with the Supreme Court? | |

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|Nixon on the Home Front | |

|Know: Aid the Families with Dependent Children, Reverse Discrimination, Environmental Protection Agency, | |

|Occupational Health and Safety Administration, Silent Spring, Clean Air Act, Endangered Species Act, Southern Strategy | |

|6. How conservative was President Nixon? Explain. | |

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|The Nixon Landslide of 1972 | |

|Know: George McGovern | |

|7. How did the situation in Vietnam help Nixon win a landslide in the 1972 election? | |

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|The Secret Bombing of Cambodia and the War Powers Act | |

|Know: Pol Pot, War Powers Act | |

|8. What did Cambodia have to do with the War Powers Act? | |

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|Bombing North Vietnam to the Peace Table | |

|9. "The shaky `peace' was in reality little more than a thinly disguised American retreat." Explain. | |

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|The Arab Oil Embargo and the Energy Crisis | |

|Know: OPEC | |

|10. Explain the cause and effects of the Arab Oil Embargo. | |

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|Watergate and the Unmaking of a President | |

|Know: Watergate, CREEP, Enemies List, Plumbers, John Dean, Executive Privilege, Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford, Saturday | |

|Night Massacre | |

|11. Of what wrongdoing was the Nixon administration guilty? | |

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|The First Unelected President | |

|12. Did President do the right thing when he pardoned Nixon? Explain. | |

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|Defeat in Vietnam | |

|13. What was the cost (not in just money) of the Vietnam War? | |

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|Feminist Victories and Defeats | |

|Know: Title IX, ERA, Roe v. Wade | |

|15. Why did the Equal Rights Amendment fail? | |

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|The Seventies in Black and White | |

|Know: Desegregation, white flight, affirmative action, United States v. Wheeler | |

|16. Explain the significance of the Bakke case. | |

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|The Bicentennial Campaign and the Carter Victory | |

|Know: Jimmy Carter | |

|17. Why did Jimmy Carter win the presidency in 1976? | |

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|Carter's Humanitarian Diplomacy | |

|Know: Anwar Sadat, Menachem Begin, Camp David Accords | |

|18. Describe Carter's foreign policy achievements. | |

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|Economic and Energy Woes | |

|Know: Shah of Iran | |

|21. How did Carter react to the renewed energy crisis? | |

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|Foreign Affairs and the Iranian Imbroglio | |

|Know: Leonid Brezhnev, SALT II, Ayatollah Khomeini, Afghanistan, Hostage Crisis | |

|22. What foreign policy problems plagued the second half of Carter's presidency? | |

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Chapter #40: The Resurgence of Conservatism, 1980-2000

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|Chapter Synopsis: It's morning in America” was the slogan of Republican candidate Ronald Reagan in his 1980 presidential campaign. Certainly the 1980s |

|were a new day for America’s conservative right. Census figures confirmed that the average American was older than in the stormy sixties and much more |

|likely to live in the South or West, the traditional bastions of the “Old Right,” where many residents harbored suspicions of federal power. The |

|conservative cause drew added strength from the emergence of a “New Right” movement, partly in response to the countercultural protests of the 1960s. |

|Spearheading the New Right were evangelical Christian groups such as the Moral Majority, dedicated believers who enjoyed startling success as political |

|fund-raisers and organizers. Many New Right activists were far less agitated about economic questions than about cultural concerns—the so-called social |

|issues. They denounced abortion, pornography, homosexuality, feminism, and especially affirmative action. They championed prayer in the schools and |

|tougher penalties for |

|criminals. Together, the Old and New Right added up to a powerful political combination, devoted to changing the very character of American society. |

Please provide TWO key points that can be drawn from the chapter synopsis.

|KEY POINT #1 | |

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|KEY POINT #2 | |

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|The Election of Ronald Reagan, 1980 |COMMENTS, CONCERNS or CLARIFICATIONS |

|1. What factors (social, political, and economic) contributed to Reagan’s victory in 1980? | |

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|The Reagan Revolution | |

|2. What changes did Reagan make to the national budget and how did these contrast with previous spending programs? | |

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|3. Reagan Renews the Cold War | |

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|Explain the subheading | |

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|Troubles Abroad | |

|3. Summarize Reagan’s international policy in the Middle East and Central America/Caribbean, identifying which side the | |

|U.S. supported and which side it opposed. | |

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|Round Two for Reagan | |

|4. What changes in the Soviet Union contributed to the end of the Cold War? | |

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|5. The Iran-Contra Imbroglio | |

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|Explain the subheading | |

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|Reagan’s Economic Legacy | |

|6. How was Reagan’s economic policy both a failure and a victory? | |

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|The Religious Right | |

|7. How did the tactics of the religious right parallel those of the movements of the New Left during the 1960s? | |

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|Conservatism in the Courts | |

|8. How did the Supreme Court decisions in Webster and Casey curtail Roe v. Wade? | |

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|9. Referendum on Reaganism in 1988 | |

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|Explain the subheading | |

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|George H.W. Bush and the End of the Cold War | |

|10. What were the unexpected consequences of the demise of the Soviet Union? | |

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|The Persian Gulf Crisis | |

|11. “The enemy of my enemy is my friend.” How did this philosophy have a negative outcome in America’s involvement with| |

|Iran and Iraq? | |

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|Bush on the Home Front | |

|12. How did reaction to the Thomas confirmation reflect the changing political attitudes of some women? | |

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