PATHO PHYSIOLOGY BIBLE - Simple Nursing

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PATHO PHYSIOLOGY BIBLE

OVER 70 CONCEPT MAPS

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Contents

NEURO: CNS .....................................................................................................................................7 Alzheimer's disease .....................................................................................................................7 PLAN OF CARE: Safety/ LOC/ stress free ........................................................................7 Path physiology .......................................................................................................................7 Brain Tumors .................................................................................................................................8 Path physiology .......................................................................................................................9 Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) ......................................................................................... 10 PLAN OF CARE: neuro checks, pain Manage, decrease ICP, monitor RR, ........ 10 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 10 Epilepsy ........................................................................................................................................ 12 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 12 Head Injury.................................................................................................................................. 15 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 15 Traumatic Brain Injury......................................................................................................... 15 Acquired Brain Injury .......................................................................................................... 15 Multiple Sclerosis ...................................................................................................................... 17 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 17 Meningitis .................................................................................................................................... 19 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 19 Parkinson's Disease .................................................................................................................. 20 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 20 Seizures ........................................................................................................................................ 23 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 23 Spinal Cord Injury ..................................................................................................................... 26 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 26

NEURO: PNS .................................................................................................................................. 27 Guillain-Barre Syndrome ........................................................................................................ 27 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 27 Myasthenia Gravis..................................................................................................................... 29 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 29

Gastro Intestinal (Upper) ........................................................................................................ 30 Esophageal Disorders.............................................................................................................. 30 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 30 Gastritis......................................................................................................................................... 32 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 32 Gastroesphageal Reflux Disease (GERD) .......................................................................... 33 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 33 Hiatial Hernia.............................................................................................................................. 35 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 35 Peptic Ulcer Disease ................................................................................................................ 37 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 37

Gastro Intestinal (Lower) ........................................................................................................ 39 Appendicitis ................................................................................................................................ 39 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 39

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Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO) ........................................................................................... 41 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 41

Constipation ............................................................................................................................... 42 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 42 Causes of constipation: ...................................................................................................... 42

Hernia............................................................................................................................................ 44 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 44 Symptoms of a hiatal hernia ............................................................................................ 44 Symptoms of inguinal and femoral hernias ............................................................... 44 Symptoms of an umbilical hernia .................................................................................. 45 Symptoms of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia .................................................... 45

Paralytic Illius.............................................................................................................................. 45 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 46 Causes of paralytic ileus .................................................................................................... 46

Ishemic Bowel ............................................................................................................................ 47 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 47

Volvulus ........................................................................................................................................ 49 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 49

Diverticulitis ................................................................................................................................ 50 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 50

Resection of Intestines............................................................................................................ 52 Description .................................................................................................................................. 52 Why the Procedure is Performed........................................................................................ 53 Risks ............................................................................................................................................... 53 Inflammatory Bowel Disease ................................................................................................ 53

Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 53 Colorectal Cancer...................................................................................................................... 55

Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 55 Dukes's Classification of Colorectal Cancer................................................................ 56 Orthopedics (BONES)................................................................................................................ 57 Hip Fracture ................................................................................................................................ 57 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 57 Total Knee Replacement (TKR)............................................................................................. 59 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 59 Long Bone Injury ....................................................................................................................... 59 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 59 Osteoarthritis (OA) ................................................................................................................... 62 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 62 Etiology And Pathophysiology ........................................................................................ 62 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)...................................................................................................... 64 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 64 Gout ............................................................................................................................................... 65 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 65 Vascular Disorders...................................................................................................................... 67 Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) .......................................................................................... 67 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 67

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Peripheral Vein Disease (PVD) ............................................................................................. 67 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 67

Aneurysms ................................................................................................................................... 68 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 68 I. Aortic Aneurysms:............................................................................................................. 69 II. Cerebral Aneurysm: Signs and symptoms of cerebral aneurysm are: .......... 69 III. Peripheral Aneurysm: Signs and symptoms of peripheral aneurysm are as follows: ..................................................................................................................................... 69

Respiratory..................................................................................................................................... 70 Bronchial Asthma...................................................................................................................... 70 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 70 Bronchitis ..................................................................................................................................... 71 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 71 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)......................................................... 72 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 72 Emphysemia................................................................................................................................ 74 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 74 Hemothorax ................................................................................................................................ 75 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 75 Pneumonia .................................................................................................................................. 77 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 77 Pneumothorax............................................................................................................................ 80 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 80 Pulmonary Embolism .............................................................................................................. 81 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 81 Respiratory Failure.................................................................................................................... 84 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 84 Tuberculosis (TB)....................................................................................................................... 85 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 85 Upper Respiratory Infection (URI ) .................................................................................... 86 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 86

CARDIAC (HEART) ...................................................................................................................... 87 Angina........................................................................................................................................... 87 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 87 Arrhythmias................................................................................................................................. 89 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 89 Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS ......................................................................................... 90 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 90 Atrial Fibrillation (AFIB) ......................................................................................................... 92 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 92 Cardiogenic Shock.................................................................................................................... 93 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 93 Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)................................................................................ 95 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 95 Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) .......................................................................................... 96 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 96

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)............................................................................................ 98 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................... 98

Hypertension (HTN)..............................................................................................................101 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................. 101 Central Nervous System ..................................................................................................101 Cardiovascular System .....................................................................................................101 Renal System........................................................................................................................101 Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system....................................................................101

Hyperlipidemia (high cholestrol) ......................................................................................103 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................. 103

Myocardial Infarction ...........................................................................................................103 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................. 103

Pulmonary Edema...................................................................................................................105 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................. 105

Valvular Heart Diseas ............................................................................................................106 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................. 106

Endocrine ......................................................................................................................................108 Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ......................................................................................................108 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................. 108 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ......................................................................................................110 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................. 110 Hyperglycemia .........................................................................................................................111 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................. 111 Hypoglycemia ..........................................................................................................................114 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................. 114 Diabetic Ketone Acidosis (DKA) ........................................................................................117 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................. 117

Gallbladder, Liver & Appendix ..........................................................................................117 Appendicitis ..............................................................................................................................118 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................. 118 Cholecystitis .............................................................................................................................. 119 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................. 119 Acute Cholecystitis Pathophysiology ..................................................................119 Acalculous Cholecystitis Pathophysiology ........................................................119 Hepatitis .....................................................................................................................................121 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................. 121 Pancreatitis ................................................................................................................................ 123 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................. 123

Kidney (RENAL) ........................................................................................................................124 ARF (Acute Renal Failure).....................................................................................................124 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................. 124 The clinical course of ARF is characterized by the following three phases: .125 Phase 1. Onset.....................................................................................................................125 Phase 2. Maintenance .......................................................................................................125 Phase 3. Recovery...............................................................................................................125 CRF (Chronic Renal Failure).................................................................................................127

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