Date: / / Presidents v. Congress: Reconstruction

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Presidents v. Congress: Reconstruction

Reconstruction: The rebuilding of the Union after the Civil War until 1877. Both President Lincoln and Johnson favored a lenient approach, while Radical Republicans (Thaddeus Stevens) argued that the South should be punished.

Lincoln And Johnson's Plans for Reconstruction

"With malice toward none, with charity for all" Lincoln

Radical Republicans' Plans

"Congress alone can do it... Congress must create states and declare whether they are to be represented." -- Thadeus Stevens

Both Lincoln and Johnson supported lenient plans Believed the South should be punished for starting the war and

for Reconstruction.

hoped to protect the rights of Freedmen (former slaves).

10% Plan (Lincoln): Once ten percent of a southern Extended the Freedmen's Bureau (Over Johnson's Veto) to

state's 1860 voters had taken an oath of loyalty, the provide food, clothing, shelter, and education to freedmen and

state could rejoin the Union.

war refugees.

Both Lincoln and Johnson provided for a generous amnesty to allow Southerners to retain their property and reacquire their political rights.

Civil Rights Act of 1866 (Passed over Johnson's Veto) designed to grant freedmen full legal equality, undercutting the Black Codes

Reconstruction Act of 1867 (Passed over Johnson's Veto)

Johnson supported the 13th Amendment that abolished slavery but was reluctant to support Black suffrage believing this was an issue for states.

Divided the South into 5 districts and placed them under military rule (disbanded governments readmitted under Lincoln/Johnson plans Required Southern States to ratify the 14th Amendment Guaranteed freedmen the right to vote in conventions to write new state constitutions

Failures under Lincoln and Johnson:

Black Codes: Many states passed laws restricting the rights of freedmen

Little attempt was made to address the economic hardships facing freedmen

Southern States admitted under Lincoln/Johnson plan refused to ratify 14th Amendment

These failures contributed to growing support for Radical Republicans

15th Amendment

Reconstruction Amendments

13th Amendment: Abolished Slavery

14th Amendment:

Declared all person "born or naturalized in the United States" to be citizens. Required "Equal Protection of the Laws" Citizens cannot be denied life, liberty, or property without due process of law. Reduced the representation in Congress of states that did not grant Black Suffrage Banned Confederate officials from taking office Forbade the repayment of confederate War Debt

15th Amendment: The right to vote shall not be denied on the basis of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"

Key Questions:

1. Using the information above as well as the textbook (pgs.201 ? 203) fill in the Venn Diagram: How did the Lincoln's Reconstruction plan specifically differ from Johnson's Plan?

Johnson

Lincoln

2. Provide 3 examples of how Republican Reconstruction differs from Presidential Reconstruction.

3. Summarize in your own words the effects of the Reconstruction Act of 1867?

4. Using any information gathered list two successes or failure of Reconstruction. 1. 2.

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